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C.
Lubricants
1.
Develop meaningful laboratory tests to predict full-scale behavior of
lubricated components. This is consistent with Item 3 under Materials and Item
5 under Coatings.
lubricated components. This is consistent with Item 3 under Materials and Item
5 under Coatings.
In addition to the obvious requirement that the laboratory tests correlate with full-
scale performance, the tests should be inexpensive and rapid and treat all of the
possible failure mechanisms. They should consider shear effects, time-dependent
degradation of the lubricant, and interactions between lubricant and mating
surfaces.
scale performance, the tests should be inexpensive and rapid and treat all of the
possible failure mechanisms. They should consider shear effects, time-dependent
degradation of the lubricant, and interactions between lubricant and mating
surfaces.
2.
Develop environmentally friendly lubricant systems that are compatible with
the new emission-reduction technologies. This is compatible with Item 3 under
Materials and Item 1 under Coatings.
the new emission-reduction technologies. This is compatible with Item 3 under
Materials and Item 1 under Coatings.
The lubricant should be biodegradable, or provision should be made for effective
recycling. It should contain low (zero if possible) levels of sulfur and
phosphorus. Alternatively, phosphorus-tolerant catalysts should be developed.
recycling. It should contain low (zero if possible) levels of sulfur and
phosphorus. Alternatively, phosphorus-tolerant catalysts should be developed.
3.
Develop a fundamental understanding of time-dependent contamination and
degradation of lubricants. This includes Item 4 under Coatings.
degradation of lubricants. This includes Item 4 under Coatings.
Important issues to be considered include the following:
a.
Sludge and varnish formation.
b.
Soot suspension and its effect on lubricants.
c.
Oil degradation.
d.
Filtration.
e.
Additive depletion.
f.
Health and safety.
4.
Develop a system for extending oil-drain intervals, with the ultimate
objective of "lube for life."
objective of "lube for life."
A variety of approaches should be considered, including burning the lubricant
with the fuel and separating the top of the engine from the bottom. Issues to
consider include changes in viscosity and rheology over time, corrosion, and seal
compatibility.
with the fuel and separating the top of the engine from the bottom. Issues to
consider include changes in viscosity and rheology over time, corrosion, and seal
compatibility.
5.
Develop predictive models of lubricant and material behavior, and validate
the models experimentally. This is consistent with Item 5 under Coatings.
the models experimentally. This is consistent with Item 5 under Coatings.
D.
Design Methods
1.
Develop a general-purpose friction/wear/lubrication code that could be used
for designing lubricated components in much the same way that NASTRAN
is used for structural analysis and KIVA is used for combustion analysis.
for designing lubricated components in much the same way that NASTRAN
is used for structural analysis and KIVA is used for combustion analysis.