iii
8.3 Flame arresters purpose and cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Section Page
8.4 Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
8.5 Battery rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
8.6 Safety meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
8.5 Battery rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
8.6 Safety meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
9 Battery charging equipment (last updated 12/31/97) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
9.1 Motor-generator sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
9.2 Static rectifier chargers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
9.2 Static rectifier chargers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
10 Replacement storage battery sizing (last updated 12/31/97) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
11 Standards (last updated 12/31/97) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
TABLES
Table
1 Flooded, wet cell, lead-acid battery maintenance schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Common voltage ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3 Valve regulated lead-acid battery maintenance schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4 Vented nickel cadmium battery maintenance schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2 Common voltage ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3 Valve regulated lead-acid battery maintenance schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4 Vented nickel cadmium battery maintenance schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
FIGURES
Figure
1 Water consumption for lead-acid battery sizes and types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
2 Placement of meter probes for connection resistance measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3 Percent capacity of batteries with pasted and plante
2 Placement of meter probes for connection resistance measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3 Percent capacity of batteries with pasted and plante
´ type plates for various
discharge rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
4 Effect of concentration of electrolyte on cell capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
5 Final voltage at various rates after charge is fully completed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
6 Percent local action in 1.280 electrolyte versus specific gravity of electrolyte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
7 Approximate variation of local action in lead-acid storage cells with changes in
5 Final voltage at various rates after charge is fully completed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
6 Percent local action in 1.280 electrolyte versus specific gravity of electrolyte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
7 Approximate variation of local action in lead-acid storage cells with changes in
specific gravity of electrolyte and changes in temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
8 Approximate variation of capacity with temperature in lead-acid chloride-
accumulator
type storage cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
type storage cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
9 Typical recharge curves at constant voltages following 100-percent discharges . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
10 Voltage probe placement for nickel-cadmium cells with different type connectors . . . . . . . . . 79
10 Voltage probe placement for nickel-cadmium cells with different type connectors . . . . . . . . . 79